Furnace construction



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@moo/Mofa tti UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

` i .i 'Y A. SCHWEYER, OF NORRISTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOR TO SAMUEL H. MENSCH, OF POTTSTOWN, PENNSYLVANIA.

FURNACE CONSTRUCTION.

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Specification of Letters Patent.

Patented May 25, 1920.

To all whom t may concern.'

Be it known thatl, HENRY A. Scnwnrnn, a citizen of the United States residing at Norristown, in the county of lVIontgomery and State of Pennsylvania, have invented new and useful Improvements in Furnace Construction, ofwhich tlie following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in furnace construction andhas particular application to the construction of the furnace walls, bridges, arches, etc.

lin carrying out the present invention, I use a mixture of plastic fire clay and carborundum, or analogous material, which may be a fire clay, or a zirconia refractory compound to provide a refractory lining for the wall of the furnace. rlhis lining has a fusing point a few hundred degrees higher than ordinary iire clay, but has a heat conducting capacity much greater than ordinary fire clay and in order to offset this disadvantage, employ a mixture of-celite powder, (diatomaceous earth), Portland cement, or other good binding material, or celite bricks between the back of the refractory lining and the retaining wall of the furnace and this filler minimizes the radia-l tion of heat from the `furnace construction. rfhe plastic fire clay andthe carborundum form a one-piece lining and owing to the hardness of the carborundum and its low expansion, the lining will outlive the ordi- -nary fire clay lining now employed. B5

-another feature of my invention resides in forming a refractory lining for furnaces with air heating and distributing compart mentsfsuch compartments being formed in the side walls, bridge walls, arches', etc. 'lhis formation of the lining enables the furnace to withstand a great deal higher temperature, than the ordinary structure of the lining, for the reason that the lining is cooled to a certain extent by the air passing through the compartments. The inner sides bf the compartments are 'perforated and the air passing through the compartments, and becoming heated incident to such passage, mixes with the combustible matter in the fuel, at such places as cannot be reached by the air from the usual drafts and owing to this commingling of the heated air with the combustible matter, a more perfect combustion is attained, especially when burning soft coal.

With the above and other objects in view, the invention consists in the construction, combination and arrangement of parts hereinafter set forth and falling within the scope of the claims.

In the accompanying drawings Figure l is a fragmentary view in vertical section, looking toward the inner side of the front wall of the furnace.

Fig. 2 is a fragmentary enlared sectional view taken on the line 2-2 in lig. l, looking in the direction of the arrow,

Fig. 3 is a sectional view taken on the line 3 3 in Fig. 2.

In the present instance, f have shown my invention as applied to one side wall of the furnace and, in this connection, f wish it to be understood that my invention is adapted for use in connection with arches, bridge walls, baiiles, and other parts of a furnace which is subjected to the action of theheat in the fire box.

Referring now to the drawings in detail,

1 designates the usual retaining wall of the furnace formed of brick or other material, while 2 indicates the fire box and 3 the ash pit below the fire bor. The inner surface of the retaining wall l is lined with refractory material 4 embodying plastic fire clay and carborundum and this composition when applied to the interior of the furnace is in the form of a single sheet so as to eliminate the formation of joints. interposed between the lining 4 and the retaining wall l is 'a filler 5 formed of celite powder (diatomaceous earth) and Portland cement that acts to prevent the conduction of heat through the wall of the furnace. Formed in the lining 4 in the heat zone of the lire box are a number of regularly arranged intercommunicating chambers or passages 6 and formed in the inner walls of the Vchambers or passages 6, that is, the walls in Contact with the heat from the fuel in the fire box, are openings 7 through which the gases or fluid circulating through the passages 6 may pass into the fire box.

Referring carefully to the views it will be seen that reinforcing elements such as nails or spikes 8, driven into the structure in the formation thereof, unite and hold together the wall formed of the refractory material lhand the filler 5. These braces can, of course, remain in the construction to form a permanent part thereof. rfhe openings or passages 7 likewise can be formed by driving numerous nails into and through the refractory material 4: to communicate with the chambers 6 and also extend into the solid portions of the wall, the nails being subsequently removed to leave the openings and thus produce the honey-combed appearance as shown in Fig. 2. These chambers or passages 6 may be formed in any suitable manner, as by incorporating within the walls, while being built, strips of combustible material which will be reduced to ashes, in view of the high degree of heat within the furnace chamber.

From the foregoing it will be clear that in the construction set forth an essential is the arrangement and formation of a wall face or compartment providingl a refractory lining for'the heat generator, whether the construction be used in the walls, bridges and arches of a furnace or any other desired place where itis desired to provide a lining that will have the heat resisting power incident to a temperature produced by an associated heat generator.v YWith this in mind it will be apparent that any of the gases mentioned, as for instance a live steam, exhaust steam or a mixture of a live and exhaust steam or analogous gas, will, when associated with the refractory lining and particular construction mentioned, work the disassociation of the hydrogen, due to the heat conductivity of the refractory lining and thus utilize the heat from the disassociated h drogen for reheating purposes, as desired.

herefore theparticular material used in the construction described may as mentioned, be ordinary fire brick, a mixture of celite powder (diatomaceous earth) and Portland cement or any other material or mixture thereof capable of resisting heat to the desired end.

While l have hereinshown and described the preferred form of my invention by way of illustration, l wish it to be understood that l do not limit or confine myself to the precise details of construction herein described and delineated, as modification and variation may be made within the scope of the claims and without departing from the spirit of the invention.

l. ln a furnace construction, a retaining wall and a lining for said wall embodying plastic Iire clay and carborundum, -and a filler interposedbetween said wall and lining and of relatively small heat conducting capacity as compared with the lining, said lining being provided with chambered portions, and with openings leading from the lire box of the furnace to the chambers, said chambers including a plurality of passageways extending in two directions and upwardly inclined with reference to the base portion of the wall, said passagewa ys intersecting and being provided with ba e members therebetween, deiecting the 'air currents.

2. In `a furnace construction, a retaining wall and a lining for said wall embodying plastic fire clay and carborundum, said lining being formed with intercommunicating channels forming combustion spaces, the channels intersecting and providing baffle members therebetween, said lining being formed with openings communicating with the combustion spaces and the interior of the fire box, and a filler of celite powder and Portland cement interposed between said wall and lining, and of relatively small heat conducting capacity as compared with the lining. i

ln testimony whereof l aflix my signature.

HENRY A. SCYER. 

